The closed nutrient solution management method allows for the recycling and utilization of nutrient solutions. improving the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of changing the frequency of nutrient solution renewal and method of nutrient supply on the microbial communities composition. yield. https://safeersappliancers.shop/product-category/bosch-serie-8-bic630nb1b-warming-drawer-black/